When it comes to securing your home against power outages, the first line of defense is a generator. This machine is a real game-changer that can keep your house humming with electricity when the power grid fails. But how do you choose the right one? There are multiple factors to consider, from power output to price. But don't worry – we'll help guide you through the entire process in this comprehensive guide.
Understanding the Need for a Home Generator
A home generator isn't just a handy tool; it can sometimes be a necessity. Depending on where you live and how reliable your grid electricity is, a home generator can literally be a lifesaver. For example, if you live in an area prone to severe weather events that can knock out power – such as hurricanes, blizzards, or tornadoes – a generator can ensure you have the power to keep your lights on, your food cold, and your house warm.
Even if severe weather isn't an issue, blackouts or an overtaxed power grid can still cause power outages. If you've ever been in the middle of cooking dinner, watching a favorite show, or running a bath and suddenly found yourself in the dark, you know how frustrating this can be. A home generator can keep the power flowing, so your life doesn't have to stop just because the electricity does.
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Brief Overview of Generator Types
Before we dive into how to choose a generator, it's important to understand the types of generators out there. There are three main types: standby generators, portable generators, and inverter generators.
Standby Generators
Standby generators are permanently installed outside your home and automatically kick on when the power goes out, much like a central air conditioning system. They're wired into your home's electrical system and are typically powered by a constant fuel source, such as natural gas or propane from a utility line, which means you don't have to worry about refueling them. They can power all or most of your home's electrical needs, depending on their capacity.
Portable Generators
Portable generators are just that – portable. They can be moved around based on where you need power, although they need to be used outside to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. Portable generators are manually operated, meaning you need to start them up when the power goes out and shut them down when it comes back on. They run on gasoline, and their fuel capacity dictates how long they can operate before needing a refill. They're good for powering essential appliances, such as refrigerators, freezers, and a few lights or fans.
Inverter Generators
Inverter generators are a type of portable generator, but they're more sophisticated. They can adjust their speed to match the power needs, which makes them more fuel-efficient. They also produce cleaner power that's less likely to harm sensitive electronics like laptops and televisions.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Home Generator
Choosing the right generator for your home involves considering several important factors. Here's what you need to think about:
Power Output
First, you need to consider the generator's power output. This is typically measured in watts, and it determines how many appliances you can run at once and what kind. The higher the power output, the more stuff you can power.
To calculate your power needs, make a list of all the appliances and electronics you'd want to run during a power outage. Check their wattage (usually listed on a sticker or plate on the appliance or in its manual), and add them all up. Don't forget to account for starting wattage, which is the additional power appliances need to start up.
Fuel Type
Another major factor is fuel type. Some generators run on gasoline, others on diesel, and others on propane or natural gas. Each fuel type has its pros and cons.
Gasoline generators are common because gasoline is readily available. However, gasoline can't be stored for very long, and these generators tend to be less fuel-efficient.
Diesel generators are the most fuel-efficient, and diesel can be stored for longer than gasoline. But diesel generators are typically larger and more expensive.
Propane and natural gas generators are convenient because they can be hooked up to your home's existing gas lines, so you don't have to worry about refueling. But propane must be stored properly, and natural gas lines can be disrupted in severe disasters.
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Size and Portability
The generator's size and portability also matter. Standby generators are large and need to be installed by a professional, but once they're installed, you don't have to worry about moving them. Portable and inverter generators, on the other hand, are smaller and can be moved around, but they need to be stored properly when not in use and set up each time you need them.
Noise Level
Let's face it – generators can be loud. If you're in a residential area or noise is otherwise a concern, you'll want to consider the noise level of your generator. Some models are designed to operate more quietly, and inverter generators are generally quieter than standard portable generators.
Price
Finally, you'll need to consider your budget. The price of a generator can vary greatly depending on the factors above – power output, type, brand, and more. Generally, standby generators are the most expensive, followed by inverter generators, with standard portable generators being the most affordable.
How to Install a Home Generator
After purchasing a generator, it will need to be installed. For portable and inverter generators, this usually just means finding a safe, outdoor location near your home where it can be operated and stored.
Standby generators, on the other hand, need to be professionally installed. This involves preparing a concrete pad where the generator will sit, connecting it to your home's electrical system with a transfer switch, and hooking it up to a fuel source.
Maintaining Your Generator
Regardless of the type of generator you choose, maintenance will be necessary to keep it running smoothly and ensure it's ready when you need it. This includes regular checks and servicing, keeping the generator clean, and testing it regularly.
The oil will need to be changed regularly, usually after the first 25 hours of use and then every 50-60 hours after that. The air filter will also need to be cleaned or replaced regularly. You should check the fuel levels before using the generator, and if you're using a gasoline or diesel generator, you'll need to keep fresh fuel on hand.
Safety Tips for Using Generators
Safety should always be your top priority when using a generator. Always read and follow the manufacturer's instructions. Never use a generator indoors or in a poorly ventilated area, and make sure it's placed at least 20 feet from your home with the exhaust directed away from any windows or doors.
You'll also need to protect your generator from the elements. It should never be used in wet conditions unless it's under a specially designed cover or enclosure.
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Conclusion
Choosing the right generator for your home doesn't have to be a daunting task. With a clear understanding of your power needs and a careful consideration of factors like power output, fuel type, size, noise level, and price, you can find the perfect generator to keep your home powered during an outage. Remember, the initial cost and effort in selecting and installing a generator will pay off in peace of mind knowing that you're prepared for whatever Mother Nature – or the power grid – throws your way.
FAQs
What size generator do I need for my home?
The size of the generator you need depends on the total wattage of all the appliances you want to run. Add up the running wattage of each appliance, plus their starting wattage.
Is it safe to run a generator in the garage?
No, generators should never be run indoors or in poorly ventilated areas due to the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. Always run your generator outside, at least 20 feet from your home, and with the exhaust directed away from windows and doors.
How often should I perform maintenance on my generator?
Maintenance frequency depends on how often you use the generator and the manufacturer's recommendations, but a general rule is to service it at least once a year. Check the oil and air filter regularly and run the generator every few months to ensure it's in good working order.
Can I install a standby generator myself?
It's not recommended. Standby generators involve complex installation that should be handled by a professional. This includes connecting the generator to your home's electrical system and a fuel source.
Do I need to empty the fuel from a portable generator when not in use?
Yes, it's typically recommended to empty the fuel if you don't plan to use the generator for a month or longer. This prevents gum, varnish, rust, and other debris from building up in the system.
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